Proximal overhangs in Class II composite
What it is
A proximal overhang is excess restorative material extending beyond the cavity/preparation margin, most often at the gingival margin of a Class II box. Overhangs create a plaque-retentive ledge and are associated with localized gingival inflammation, deeper pockets, and periodontal breakdown risk.
Why it happens
• Poor matrix adaptation at the gingival margin (band not sealed to the gingival seat) → composite extrudes under the band during packing. • Wrong/insufficient wedging (wedge too small, wrong embrasure, not fully seated) → the band lifts away from the gingival margin, increasing overhang formation. • Matrix system + technique sensitivity: even sectional matrices can produce cervical marginal overhangs if ring placement distorts the band or adaptation is not controlled. • Packing/handling errors: heavy condensation into an unsealed matrix or placing too much composite toward the gingival margin before establishing a proper gingival seal.
The full clinical mistake entry includes
- How to avoid it — the prevention protocol
- The clinical tip experienced clinicians use
- The documented reference behind the mistake
More clinical mistakes
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